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Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis of medium-sized muscular arteries affecting approximately 4-9 per million annually, driven by neutrophil and macrophage-mediated transmural inflammation causing aneurysm formation, ischemia, and organ damage in kidneys, gut, peripheral nerves, skin, and testes. PAN involves IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, NF-kB, and neutrophil-driven vessel wall necrosis; HBV-associated PAN has a distinct pathology. Sea moss fucoidan modulates NF-kB and TNF-alpha; selenium supports vascular GPx; zinc supports Treg regulation; omega-3 modulates eicosanoid-driven inflammatory vasculitis. Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and antiviral therapy for HBV-PAN are standard; sea moss provides anti-inflammatory nutritional support.
