Sea Moss for Takayasu Arteritis: Anti-Inflammatory, CD4+ Th1/Th17 Granulomatous Aortitis & Mineral Support

Takayasu arteritis (TAK, pulseless disease) is a chronic granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis primarily affecting the aorta and its major branches, driven by HLA-B52/B39 genetic susceptibility, dendritic cell NK cell activation of CD4+ Th1/Th17 cells via IL-12/IL-6/IL-23, IFN-gamma/IL-17/TNF-alpha NF-kB inflammatory cascade, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, perforin/granzyme B medial smooth muscle destruction, adventitial lymphoid neogenesis, intimal hyperplasia, stenosis/occlusion (>90%) or aneurysm (<10%) of aortic arch, subclavian, carotid, renal, mesenteric, iliac arteries; two phases: pre-pulseless inflammatory (fever, malaise, carotidynia) and pulseless/occlusive (arm claudication, pulse inequality, hypertension from renal artery stenosis, visual changes, stroke); predominantly women (F:M 8:1) aged 10-40. Sea moss fucoidan modulates NF-kB, IL-6/IL-17, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, VCAM-1/ICAM-1 endothelial activation; selenium supports aortic wall GPx1/GPx4; omega-3 EPA/DHA modulates inflammatory eicosanoids and resolvin D1; zinc supports Treg and arterial metalloenzymes. Prednisone + MTX/AZA/MMF for induction; tocilizumab/infliximab for refractory; surgical/endovascular revascularization during quiescent phase; aspirin; blood pressure monitoring (bilateral arm discrepancy).

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